Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinzwa ezisetshenziswa kumalambu: inzwa ye-infrared ne-microwave sensor.
I-electromagnetic spectrum
Kokubili i-infrared ray kanye ne-microwave kungokwamagagasi kagesi.I-spectrum ye-electromagnetic wave ye-electromagnetic wave ihlelwe ngokulandelana kwe-wavelength noma imvamisa namandla iboniswa emfanekisweni ongezansi:
Inzwa ye-infrared
● Umsebe we-infrared
I-infrared ray (IR) iyigagasi kagesi elinefrikhwensi phakathi kwe-microwave nokukhanya okubonakalayo.Yigama elijwayelekile lemisebe enemvamisa engu-0.3THz ~ 400THz ku-spectrum kagesi kanye nobude begagasi obungu-1mm ~ 750nm ku-vacuum.Iwukukhanya okungabonakali okunemvamisa ephansi kunokukhanya okubomvu.
Umsebe we-infrared ungahlukaniswa ube izingxenye ezintathu: I-infrared ray eseduze (i-infrared ray ephezulu, amandla aphezulu), kanye nobude begagasi (3 ~ 2.5) μ m～(1~0.75) μ M;Umsebe we-infrared omaphakathi(umsebe we-infrared ophakathi, amandla amaphakathi), ubude beza (40 ~ 25) μ m～(3~2.5) μ M;Ireyi ye-infrared ekude (umsebe we-infrared ovamile ophansi, amandla aphansi), ubude begagasi 1500 μ m～(40~25) μ M. Umsebe we-infrared (ikakhulukazi Umsebe we-infrared Okude) unomphumela oqinile wokushisa.Ingakwazi ukuhambisana nama-molecule ezinto ezingaphili kanye nama-macromolecule ephilayo ezintweni eziphilayo, isheshise ukunyakaza kwala ma-molecule futhi ikhuhlane, ukuze ikhiqize ukushisa.Ngakho-ke, imisebe ye-infrared ingasetshenziselwa ukushisa kanye ne-spectroscopy yamangqamuzana.I-infrared ray ekude ibizwa nangokuthi "i-Terahertz ray" noma "ukukhanya kwe-terahertz" ocwaningweni lwesayensi.
Umsebe we-infrared unomphumela oshisayo futhi ungahambisana nama-molecule amaningi ukuguqula amandla okukhanya (amandla egagasi logesi) abe amandla e-intramolecular (ukushisa).Ukushisa kwelanga ngokuyinhloko kudluliselwa emhlabeni ngemisebe ye-infrared.
Ku-physics, izinto ezingaphezu kukaziro ophelele (0k, be. - 273.15 ℃) zingakhiqiza imisebe ye-infrared (nezinye izinhlobo zamagagasi kagesi).I-physics yesimanje iwubiza ngokuthi ama-blackbody radiation (thermal radiation).
Umsebe we-infrared awukwazi ukudlula kunoma iyiphi into e-opaque.Ukuthi ikhipha imisebe ye-infrared akuhlangene nokuthi kukhona ukuphila.Izinto ezinobude obuhlukene be-infrared wavelength zikhipha amazinga okushisa ahlukene.Izizathu zimi kanje: ukukhiqizwa kwemisebe ye-infrared kuyinto
okubangelwa ukundindizela kwama-molecule ebusweni bezinto.Izinto ezihlukene zinamaza okudlidliza emvelo ahlukene, ngakho-ke amaza amaza e-infrared ahlukile.
● Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa ye-infrared kusibani
Inzwa ye-infrared esibani yakhiwe isekethe yokuthola i-infrared ray, isifunda sokucubungula isignali ye-infrared ray, isifunda sokushintsha okukhipha isignali kanye nesifunda sokuphakelwa kwamandla.
Inzwa ye-infrared iwumkhiqizo wokulawula okuzenzakalelayo osuselwe kubuchwepheshe be-infrared.Lapho umzimba womuntu ungena ebangeni lokuzwa, inzwa ekhethekile ithola ushintsho lwe-infrared spectrum yomzimba womuntu futhi izovula ngokuzenzakalelayo umthwalo.
Ngokuvamile, umthombo wenzwa ye-infrared wemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ngokuvamile usebenzisa ingxenye ye-pyroelectric.Lapho izinga lokushisa lemisebe ye-infrared yomzimba womuntu lishintsha, le ngxenye izolahlekelwa ibhalansi yokushaja futhi ikhiphe inkokhiso iphumele ngaphandle.Ngemuva kokuthi isifunda esilandelayo sitholiwe futhi sicutshungulwe, singaqalisa isenzo sokushintsha.Umzimba womuntu unokushisa komzimba okungaguquki, ngokuvamile ku-37 degrees, ngakho-ke uzokhipha imisebe ye-infrared enobude obuthile obungaba ngu-10um.I-passive infrared probe isebenza ngokuthola imisebe ye-infrared ekhishwa umzimba womuntu.Cishe i-10um infrared ray ekhishwa umzimba womuntu igxile emthonjeni wezinzwa we-infrared ngemva kokuthuthukiswa ngelensi yeFresnel.
Iswishi ye-infrared sensor yakhelwe ngokukhethekile umzimba womuntu, onobungani, elula, ephephile futhi ewonga amandla, futhi ekhombisa ukunakekelwa komuntu.Kodwa-ke, ububanzi bokutholwa buncane kunenzwa ye-microwave.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphakama kunqunyelwe, futhi isivinini sokuphendula isenzo sihamba kancane kunesenzwa ye-microwave.
Inzwa ye-microwave
●I-Microwave
I-Microwave ibhekisela kumagagasi kagesi anemvamisa engu-300MHz-300GHz.Isifinyezo sebhendi yefrikhwensi elinganiselwe kumagagasi omsakazo, okungukuthi, igagasi kazibuthe elinobude obuphakathi kuka-1m (ngaphandle kuka-1m) no-1mm.Yigama elijwayelekile lamagagasi e-decimeter, i-centimeter wave, i-millimeter wave kanye ne-submillimeter wave, okungelokukhanya okungabonakali.Ifrikhwensi ye-microwave iphakeme kunemvamisa yegagasi lomsakazo elivamile, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-UHF electromagnetic wave".Njengegagasi le-electromagnetic, i-microwave nayo inobubili bezinhlayiyana zamagagasi.
Ukubili kwezinhlayiyana zamagagasi kusho ukuthi inazo zombili izici zamagagasi nezici zezinhlayiyana.Ingakwazi ukuya phambili njengegagasi futhi ibonise izici zezinhlayiya.Ngakho-ke, sikubiza ngokuthi "i-wave particle duality".
Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ze-microwave ngokuvamile zibonisa izici ezintathu: ukungena, ukuboniswa kanye nokumuncwa.Ngengilazi, ipulasitiki kanye ne-porcelain, ama-microwave acishe adlule ngaphandle kokumuncwa.Ngamanzi nokudla, izomunca ama-microwave futhi izishise.Ezintweni zensimbi, zizobonisa ama-microwave.
Izinga lokungena kwe-microwave yengilazi, ipulasitiki, izinkuni kanye ne-porcelain ingaqondwa njengento efanayo.Ithiyori yokungena kweMicrowave engu-2450MHz imayelana no-6cm.I-915MHz ingu-8cm.Isikhathi sokungena asibalulekile.
●Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa ye-microwave esibanini
Inzwa ye-microwave isebenzisa isimiso se-Doppler ukuze idlulise futhi yamukele amasiginali e-microwave enziwe imvamisa ephezulu (ukubona ngokunembile ukunyakaza kwezinto), futhi ilawula ukukhanyisa nokuvala amalambu okulayisha ngokukhulisa isignali nokuhlonza okuhlakaniphile kohlelo lwe-single-chip microcomputer.
Amandla e-Microwave ngokuvamile atholwa yi-DC noma i-50Hz AC ngedivayisi ekhethekile.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini engakhiqiza i-microwave, kodwa ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili: amadivaysi e-semiconductor kanye namadivaysi kagesi e-vacuum.
Isilawuli senzwa ye-microwave sisebenzisa i-micro-ring antenna enobubanzi obuthile ukuze kutholwe i-microwave.I-antenna ikhiqiza i-elliptical radius (eguquguqukayo) indawo yesexwayiso ye-microwave yendawo ohlangothini lwe-eksisi.Lapho umzimba womuntu unyakaza, i-echo ebonakala ngawo iphazamisa inkambu yokuqala ye-microwave (noma imvamisa) ethunyelwa isilawuli senzwa ye-microwave kanye nezinguquko.Isibani senzwa ye-infrared sibhangqwe ne-infrared transmitting diode kanye ne-diode eyamukelayo.Ngemva kokutholwa, ukukhulisa, ukubunjwa, ukuqhathanisa okuningi nokubambezeleka kokucubungula, intambo emhlophe ikhipha isignali yokulawula i-voltage.
Ngenxa yezici ze-microwave, inokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokusakazwa emoyeni kanye nebanga elifushane lokudlulisela, kodwa inokuhamba okuhle kanye nomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu wokusebenza.Ngokungeziwe kubuchwepheshe be-millimeter wave obusetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kweselula kwe-5G, ukuhanjiswa kwe-microwave ikakhulukazi ku-waveguide yensimbi kanye ne-dielectric waveguide.Inzwa ye-Microwave ingakwazi ukubona izinto eziguqukayo futhi inendawo ebanzi yohlelo lokusebenza.
Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwemithetho ethile edingekayo njengokuthi: imithetho yokuphepha, i-EMC, izindinganiso zokuvikela imvelo, njll., awekho amazinga ayimpoqo okubhekisela emisebenzi yezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ibanga lokuzwa nesikhathi sokubonisa, okubhekisela kumazinga ajwayelekile embonini. , noma bahlulele ukuthi bayahlangabezana yini nezidingo ngokuya ngamazinga okuvunyelwene ngawo phakathi kwekhasimende nomkhiqizi nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Yonke imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ye-Wellway ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuvumelana nezidingo zamakhasimende.Imikhiqizo evuthiwe ihlanganisa ilambu le-LED elivikela isimo sezulu elinenzwa, ilambu le-LED elivikela uthuli elinenzwa, ilambu lophahla lwe-LED elinenzwa nokunye.Njengamanje, imodi yenzwa ye-microwave yamukelwa kuyo yonke imikhiqizo eminingi.I-Wellyway inelabhorethri ekhethekile yokuhlola ukuzwela nebanga lezinzwa ze-microwave ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.Samukela ngobuqotho amakhasimende ukuthi avakashele, eluleka imboni yethu futhi abambisane nathi.
(Ezinye izithombe ziphuma ku-inthanethi. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho, sicela uthinte futhi ukususe ngokushesha)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-22-2022